Pregnancy during plastic surgery residency poses unique challenges to the resident herself, to her resident colleagues, and to her residency director. Studies of the effects of pregnancy have been conducted that have combined all medical specialties or have included all surgeons as a statistically uniform group. The Women Plastic Surgeons' Caucus Committee of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons has conducted a survey in order to obtain objective data on maternal fetal complications, time off work, maternal leave policies, call coverage, and other important issues. Response rates were 40 percent for the women residents and 45 percent for the program directors surveyed. The results show a 57 percent overall complication rate (excluding miscarriages), a 26 percent elective abortion rate, and a 33 percent infertility rate in women plastic surgeons, numbers that are higher than those currently in the literature. Data obtained regarding issues such as time off work, planning of pregnancy, call coverage, productivity and income, perceived peer support, program directors' opinions and policies, and possible solutions that might provide a mutually rewarding outcome are presented for discussion.