Yawning

Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1994 Jun;52(2):273-6. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x1994000200023.

Abstract

The ubiquitousness of normal yawning and the existence of abnormal yawning warrant an understanding of this reflex. Its mechanisms and functional role are not entirely known. A review of the literature reveals that yawning is a brain stem arousal reflex with both peripheral and central loops subserving reversal of brain hypoxia or hypoxemia. Behaviorally, yawning is a semi-involuntary act that occurs also because of loss of interest in the surroundings and it is not necessarily associated with fatigue. Socio-environmental factors can influence the emergence of yawning. Dopaminergic, acetylcholinergic, ACTHergic and oxytocinergic systems are involved in the generation and modulation of yawning in animal experimentation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Oxytocin / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Reflex / physiology
  • Yawning / physiology*

Substances

  • Oxytocin