83 cases (97 eyes) of keratoplasty after chemical corneal injury were followed up for a mean 14 months with the results that 21 (21.6%) grafts were transparent and 76 (78.4%) opaque or semitransparent. The success rate depended on the severity of the chemical injury; it was 87.5% for type A corneal scarring and 15.7% for type B. The causes of graft failure were postoperative epithelial erosion (70.7%) and corneal rejection (28.0%). Most patients with epithelial erosion had problems of insufficient tear secretion and tear-film defects. The prevention and management of graft failure were discussed.