Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an option for a variety of benign and malignant diseases. BMT is approached with curative intent when standard therapy has failed and should no longer be considered as the final option for patients. Patients for whom BMT may be an option should be discussed early with a transplant center to allow for proper planning, pretransplant evaluation and therapy. This article will review the diseases for which BMT is an option to update the clinician about therapeutic options.