For the majority of the population, exposure to altitudes higher than 2000 m above sea level constitutes a situation of pronounced stimulation of the organism. The question comes in of the health relevance of physical activity at intermediate altitudes for the healthy subjects, but above all for people with heart problems. At first, there is an acute adaption on the cardiovascular and the respiration system as well as the system of oxygen carriage, until the chronic adaption processes of the same systems are completed. Doubtlessly, these adaption processes at intermediate altitudes and in particular training in such regions considerably improve the endurance capacity under conditions of the kind mentioned. However there is little evidence, for an absolute improvement of the maximal aerobic capacity. As a rule, the effects of adaption to higher altitudes can also be expected in patients with coronary sclerosis. But a lowered level of capacity must be taken into account in these cases. Accordingly, the medication as well as the intensity of stress should be adapted to altered conditions of this kind. Training intensity must be reduced according to altitude, and any treatment for angina, must be intensified. It may be necessary to re-determine the appropriate training intensity as well as the dosage in pharmacotherapy by ergometric methods to match the new requirements. However, when a comparison is tried to kinetotherapy under normal conditions, an immediate therapeutical effect of exposition to higher altitudes appears to be at least doubtful.