Between 1987 and 1992, 21 patients who presented with potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer and coronary artery disease, underwent a preoperative cardiac catheterization in order to assess the coronary artery anatomy and left ventricular function. There were 20 men and 1 woman whose ages ranged from 57 to 77 years. Patients with triple-vessel disease and poor distal circulation or impaired ventricular function (n = 2) were excluded from myocardial revascularization and pulmonary surgery. Patients with a curable left-main or triple-vessel disease (group I) first underwent surgical (n = 3) or transluminal (n = 4) myocardial revascularization. The remaining patients presented with single- or double-vessel disease, and were operated on without prior myocardial revascularization (group II; n = 12). The thoracic procedures consisted of exploratory thoracotomy in two cases, lung-sparing resection in one, lobectomy in ten, bilobectomy in one and pneumonectomy in five. The overall mortality and morbidity rates were 5.3% and 31.6%, respectively. Four patients (21%) experienced postoperative cardiac complications: fatal myocardial infarction (n = 1) and dysrhythmia (n = 2) in three group II patients (25%), and transient myocardial ischemia in one group I patient (14.3%). The overall survival rate at 5 years was 57.4% for the 17 patients who underwent resection of their cancer. We conclude that 1) lung surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and coronary artery disease is justified in selected cases, 2) previous myocardial revascularization appears to confer protection against the development of postoperative cardiac morbidity.