Idiopathic generalized epilepsy: magnetic stimulation of motor cortex time-locked and unlocked to 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges

Epilepsia. 1994 Jan-Feb;35(1):53-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02912.x.

Abstract

In 20 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who showed typical 3-Hz spike-and-wave (SW) EEG complexes, we studied the corticospinal motor output with a transcranial electromagnetic stimulator. First we measured the corticospinal discharge threshold for both hemispheres in the patient group and compared it with that of 10 age- and sex-matched volunteers. Threshold was significantly higher in the patient group, regardless of whether subjects were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In 4 patients with very frequent SW paroxysms, we were able to study motor evoked potential (MEP) changes time-locked to epileptic EEG transients. The EEG signal was recorded bipolarly (C3-P3, C4-P4) by scalp needle-electrodes. For a given stimulus intensity, we collected and measured MEPs occurring during the spike or the wave portion of the SW complexes. Data were compared with those of MEPs obtained time-locked to normal EEG segments. MEP size was significantly decreased when the cortical stimulus was time-locked to the wave component, and was decreased or unchanged when the stimulus was time-locked to the spike. Magnetic stimulation never produced remarkable side effects.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anticonvulsants / pharmacology
  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Electroencephalography* / drug effects
  • Electromagnetic Phenomena*
  • Electromyography
  • Epilepsy, Absence / diagnosis
  • Epilepsy, Absence / physiopathology*
  • Evoked Potentials / drug effects
  • Female
  • Functional Laterality / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Motor Cortex / physiology*
  • Motor Cortex / physiopathology
  • Pyramidal Tracts / physiology

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants