Shedding of virulent poliovirus revertants during immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine after prior immunization with inactivated polio vaccine

J Infect Dis. 1993 Nov;168(5):1105-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/168.5.1105.

Abstract

Fecal shedding of virulent revertant polioviruses was examined in isolates from infants previously immunized with > or = 1 dose of orally administered live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) alone, enhanced-potency inactivated polio vaccine (EIPV) alone, or a combination of both. After administration of OPV alone, vaccine poliovirus serotypes were recovered in feces within 1 week and for as long as 31-60 days in 30%-80% of subjects after 1 or 2 doses and in 30%-50% after immunization with > or = 3 doses. No revertant poliovirus shedding was observed after OPV challenge in subjects immunized previously with > or = 3 doses of OPV. However, fecal shedding of revertant poliovirus after OPV challenge was observed in 50%-100% of subjects previously immunized with > or = 3 doses of the EIPV. These findings suggest that prior immunization with EIPV does not prevent fecal shedding of revertant polioviruses after subsequent reexposure to OPV.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Feces / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Immunization, Secondary
  • Infant
  • Poliomyelitis / prevention & control
  • Poliovirus / genetics*
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / adverse effects
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / genetics*
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / therapeutic use
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / adverse effects
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / therapeutic use
  • Time Factors
  • Vaccination*
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / adverse effects*
  • Virus Shedding*

Substances

  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Vaccines, Inactivated