Two hundred six dialysis units were surveyed to determine the frequency and outcome of pregnancy in dialysis patients. Ninety-four percent of the units responded. Of the 1,281 women of childbearing age cared for in these units, 1.5% became pregnant during the 2-year study period. Thirty-seven percent of pregnancies resulted in surviving infants. Pregnancies that took place from 1990 on had a 52% success rate. There was no significant difference in outcome as a result of dialysis modality or erythropoietin use. All but one of the infants were premature. Pregnancy entailed substantial risks for the mother.