The effects of a hypothalamic ventromedial area lesion on energy balance were tested in exercising rats and in sedentary rats to add further information about the type of obesity developed after ventromedial lesion. Four groups of six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Group 1: sham-lesioned and sedentary rats, which were utilized as control rats (C); group 2: sham-lesioned and exercising rats (E); group 3: lesioned and sedentary rats (L); group 4: lesioned and exercising rats (LE). The exercise consisted of daily swimming for 30 min. Resting oxygen consumption, food intake, and body weight were measured before any treatment and 3 weeks after the lesion or/and the exercise period. The results showed that the oxygen consumption increased in the E and LE groups but not in the C and L groups. Food intake increased more in E and LE groups than in L group. The increases in body weight were higher in L and LE than in the E and C groups. These findings suggest that exercise modifies resting oxygen consumption and food intake in lesioned rats, but does not influence the degree of obesity. Thus, the ventromedial syndrome can be considered a type of obesity not completely unregulated.