A matched-control study of plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, carotenoid, and cholesterol concentrations and the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids was undertaken in 65 elderly patients with age-related maculopathy and 65 control subjects matched for age and sex. Despite the high statistical power of the study and large variations between subjects in the variables under consideration, no significant differences were noted between patients and control subjects. However, several statistically significant differences were noted between male and female subjects independent of their classification with maculopathy or as controls and age: plasma cholesterol, total phospholipids, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations were higher in females than in males. The mean plasma cholesterol concentration for the upper tertile of the whole sample was 7.6 mmol/L. Plasma concentrations of total carotenoids, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene, but not alpha-tocopherol, were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers. The results of this study do not provide any evidence in favor of changing the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids or fat-soluble vitamins to protect against age-related maculopathy.