The x-ray crystal structure of a mutant of staphylococcal nuclease that contains a single glycine residue inserted in the C-terminal alpha-helix has been solved to 1.67 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R value of 0.170. This inserted glycine residue is accommodated in the alpha-helix by formation of a previously uncharacterized bulge, which we term the alpha aneurism. A conformational search of known protein structures has identified the alpha aneurism in a number of protein families, including the histocompatibility antigens and hemoglobins.