Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue is known to have a poor clinical prognosis that is primarily attributable to such tumors usually presenting at an advanced stage. Fortunately, if detected early, these malignancies may have a more favorable prognosis. We have reviewed the current literature of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue, focusing on epidemiologic data, treatment options, as well as survival results. Data have also been incorporated from a previously unpublished retrospective study performed in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Pittsburgh.