A differentiated surgical treatment of primary varicosis of the long and short saphenous veins, according to the type of varicosis, is necessary to avoid significant recurrence. The cosmetic results must also be taken into consideration. Knowing the most frequent types of primary varicosis and the principles of selective surgical treatment, the surgeon is able to perform a curative operation with a low complication rate and level of postoperative morbidity, high compliance, and excellent cosmetic results.