Abstract
In this paper, we investigate DNA bending induced by proteins required for virus induction of the human interferon-beta (IFN beta) gene. We show that NF-kappa B-DNA complexes that are functionally distinct in the context of the IFN beta enhancer are also conformationally distinct and that two sites in the enhancer contain in-phase bends that are counteracted or reversed by the binding of NF-kappa B, ATF-2/c-Jun, and HMG I(Y). Strikingly, this modulation of intrinsic enhancer architecture results in an orientation that favors predicted protein-protein interactions in a functional nucleoprotein complex, the enhanceosome. Furthermore, the subtle modulation of DNA structure by HMG I(Y) in this process distinguishes it from other architectural factors.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Activating Transcription Factor 2
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Base Sequence
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / genetics
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DNA Probes
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DNA, Circular / analysis
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DNA, Circular / ultrastructure
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Enhancer Elements, Genetic / genetics*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / genetics
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HeLa Cells / physiology
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High Mobility Group Proteins / genetics*
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Humans
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Interferon-beta / genetics*
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Leucine Zippers / genetics
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Molecular Sequence Data
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NF-kappa B / genetics
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Nucleic Acid Conformation
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / genetics
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Transcription Factors / genetics*
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Y Chromosome / genetics*
Substances
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ATF2 protein, human
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Activating Transcription Factor 2
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
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DNA Probes
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DNA, Circular
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High Mobility Group Proteins
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NF-kappa B
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
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Transcription Factors
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Interferon-beta