The data accumulated on Helicobacter pylori infection in children suggests an important causative role of the organism in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in this age group. The importance of eradication of H pylori in asymptomatic children in relation to its role in peptic disease and cancer in adults is debatable. This article describes the current data on bacteriologic features, pathologic spectrum, clinical significance, epidemiology, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of H pylori infection in children. Further studies will provide the information on the pathogenicity, mode of transfer, and optimal treatment of H pylori infection.