A study was conducted with 59 children, ages 6 to 14 years, heterogeneously grouped together under the diagnosis of the hyperkinetic, minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. Of 32 who were able to tolerate the Feingold salicylate-low and additive-free diet, 11 were markedly improved. A placebo effect could not definitely be ruled out, but the startling changes seen in patients who had been followed for years with other forms of therapy suggest strongly that this improvement was genuine.