Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) concentration is high in most tumour cells and this may be an important factor in resistance to chemotherapy. Previous in-vitro and animal experiments have shown a differential response of tumour versus normal cells to various cysteine delivery systems. More specifically, an in-vitro assay showed that at concentrations that induce GSH synthesis in normal human cells, a specially prepared whey protein concentrate, Immunocal, caused GSH depletion and inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer cells. On the basis of this information five patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, one of the pancreas and one of the liver were fed 30 grams of this whey protein concentrate daily for six months. In six patients the blood lymphocyte GSH levels were substantially above normal at the outset, reflecting high tumour GSH levels. Two patients (#1, #3) exhibited signs of tumour regression, normalization of haemoglobin and peripheral lymphocyte counts and a sustained drop of lymphocyte GSH levels towards normal. Two patients (#2, #7) showed stabilisation of the tumour, increased haemoglobin levels. In three patients (#4, #5, #6,) the disease progressed with a trend toward higher lymphocyte GSH levels. These results indicate that whey protein concentrate might deplete tumour cells of GSH and render them more vulnerable to chemotherapy.
Publication types
-
Case Reports
-
Clinical Trial
-
Clinical Trial, Phase I
-
Clinical Trial, Phase II
-
Comparative Study
MeSH terms
-
Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
-
Adenocarcinoma / immunology
-
Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
-
Adenocarcinoma / secondary
-
Adult
-
Aged
-
Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy
-
Breast Neoplasms / immunology
-
Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
-
Carcinoma / drug therapy
-
Carcinoma / immunology
-
Carcinoma / metabolism
-
Carcinoma / pathology
-
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / drug therapy
-
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / immunology
-
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology
-
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / secondary*
-
Cysteine / physiology
-
Female
-
Glutathione / metabolism*
-
Hemoglobins / analysis
-
Humans
-
Lactalbumin / administration & dosage
-
Lactalbumin / pharmacology
-
Lactoferrin / administration & dosage
-
Lactoferrin / pharmacology
-
Liver Neoplasms / drug therapy
-
Liver Neoplasms / immunology
-
Liver Neoplasms / secondary
-
Lymphocyte Count / drug effects
-
Lymphocytes / metabolism
-
Middle Aged
-
Milk Proteins / chemistry
-
Milk Proteins / pharmacology
-
Milk Proteins / therapeutic use*
-
Neoplasm Metastasis
-
Neoplasm Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism
-
Neoplasms, Unknown Primary
-
Pancreatic Neoplasms / drug therapy
-
Pancreatic Neoplasms / immunology
-
Pancreatic Neoplasms / metabolism
-
Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology
-
Quality of Life
-
Serum Albumin, Bovine / administration & dosage
-
Serum Albumin, Bovine / pharmacology
-
Whey Proteins
Substances
-
Hemoglobins
-
Milk Proteins
-
Neoplasm Proteins
-
Whey Proteins
-
Serum Albumin, Bovine
-
Lactalbumin
-
Lactoferrin
-
Glutathione
-
Cysteine