Adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD), a central enzyme in energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, is encoded by a multigene family in higher eukaryotes. Denervation was used as a stimulus to induce a change in fiber type composition of rat gastrocnemius muscle and, consequently, gene expression. Specific antisera and nucleic acid probes were used to assess changes in expression of the AMPD1 and AMPD3 genes. Total AMPD activity in denervated skeletal muscle increased by 34%. The composition of the AMPD tetrameric holoenzyme was altered in two ways: The percentage of AMPD holoenzyme molecules consisting of one or more AMPD3 subunits increased three-fold, and the percentage of AMPD1 mRNA that excludes exon 2-encoded sequences doubled. These results suggest that expression of the AMPD1 and AMPD3 genes may be coordinated in myocytes to effect production of an AMPD holoenzyme of varying subunit composition.