Flows of knowledge from universities and federal laboratories: modeling the flow of patent citations over time and across institutional and geographic boundaries

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):12671-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.12671.

Abstract

The extent to which new technological knowledge flows across institutional and national boundaries is a question of great importance for public policy and the modeling of economic growth. In this paper we develop a model of the process generating subsequent citations to patents as a lens for viewing knowledge diffusion. We find that the probability of patent citation over time after a patent is granted fits well to a double-exponential function that can be interpreted as the mixture of diffusion and obsolescense functions. The results indicate that diffusion is geographically localized. Controlling for other factors, within-country citations are more numerous and come more quickly than those that cross country boundaries.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Canada
  • Europe
  • European Union
  • Geography
  • Government Agencies*
  • Industry*
  • Japan
  • Least-Squares Analysis
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Patents as Topic*
  • Public Policy*
  • Research / trends*
  • Technology / trends
  • United States
  • Universities*