In transfected COS cells, we analyzed the formation of heteromeric associations between rat acetylcholinesterase of type T (AChET) and various constructions derived from the NH2-terminal region of the collagen tail of asymmetric forms, QN. Using a series of deletions and point mutations in QN, we showed that the binding of AChET to QN does not require the cysteines that normally establish intersubunit disulfide bonds with catalytic subunits and that it essentially relies on the presence of stretches of successive prolines, although adjacent residues also contribute to the interaction. We thus defined a proline-rich attachment domain or PRAD, which recruits AChET subunits to form heteromeric associations. Such molecules, consisting of one PRAD associated with a tetramer of AChET, are exported efficiently by the cells. Using the proportion of AChET subunits engaged in heteromeric tetramers, we ranked the interaction efficiency of various constructions. From these experiments we evaluated the contribution of different elements of the PRAD to the quaternary assembly of AChET subunits in the secretory pathway. The PRAD remained functional when reduced to six residues followed by a string of 10 prolines (Glu-Ser-Thr-Gly3-Pro10). We then showed that synthetic polyproline itself can associate with AChET subunits, producing well defined tetramers, when added to live transfected cells or even to cell extracts. This is the first example of an in vitro assembly of AChE tetramers from monomers and dimers. These results open the way to a chemical-physical exploration of the formation of these quaternary associations, both in the secretory pathway and in vitro.