Acute haemodynamic changes after oral carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker, in patients with cirrhosis

J Hepatol. 1996 Dec;25(6):909-15. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(96)80296-0.

Abstract

Background/aims: Combinations of beta-blockers and vasodilators have been assessed for their ability to lower portal pressure and so prevent variceal haemorrhage. However, reservations have been raised particularly with respect to renal function and perfusion after the use of these medicines in patients with chronic liver disease. We studied the acute effects of carvedilol, a new vasodilating beta-blocker which combines non-selective beta-blockade with alpha-1 receptor antagonism, upon the haemodynamics of patients with cirrhosis.

Methods: Sixteen patients completed the study which measured the changes approximately 1 h after the administration of 25 mg oral carvedilol.

Results: The hepatic venous pressure gradient fell from 16.7 +/- 0.9 to 13.6 +/- 1.0 mmHg (p < 0.00001), accounted for largely by reductions in the wedged hepatic venous pressure. Despite this, the azygos blood flow did not change. There was a significant fall in mean arterial pressure (94.8 +/- 4.4 cf. 84.6 +/- 4.3 mmHg; p = 0.0001), which was particularly apparent in the diastolic blood pressure of those patients with ascites. The heart rate only fell significantly in the ascitic subjects. No significant changes occurred in the cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance. Unilateral renal vein flow as measured by the reverse thermodilution technique remained constant.

Conclusions: Carvedilol is therefore a potent acute portal hypotensive agent which does not appear to compromise renal perfusion. However, patients with ascites are at greater risk of its systemic hypotensive action.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / therapeutic use*
  • Azygos Vein / physiopathology
  • Blood Flow Velocity / drug effects
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Blood Pressure / physiology
  • Carbazoles / administration & dosage
  • Carbazoles / therapeutic use*
  • Carvedilol
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Portal / drug therapy
  • Hypertension, Portal / etiology
  • Hypertension, Portal / physiopathology
  • Liver Cirrhosis / complications
  • Liver Cirrhosis / drug therapy
  • Liver Cirrhosis / physiopathology*
  • Portal Pressure / drug effects
  • Portal Pressure / physiology
  • Propanolamines / administration & dosage
  • Propanolamines / therapeutic use*
  • Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / drug effects
  • Renal Circulation / drug effects
  • Renal Circulation / physiology
  • Thermodilution
  • Vasodilation / drug effects
  • Vasodilator Agents / administration & dosage
  • Vasodilator Agents / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Carbazoles
  • Propanolamines
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Carvedilol