Hard cylinders (4.7 x 10 mm) of two kinds of beta-tricalcium phosphate-monocalcium phosphate monohydrate-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (beta-TCP-MCPM-CSH) cements with and without beta-TCP granules (500-1000 microns) were implanted into holes drilled in rabbit femoral condyles for up to 16 weeks. Empty cavities were used as control. Cement resorption and new bone formation in the cylinders were evaluated with contact microradiography and quantified through an automatic image analysis system. At 4 weeks, both kinds of cement cylinders were surrounded by new bone. At 8 weeks, except for beta-TCP granules, both cement cylinders were almost completely resorbed and replaced by bone tissue. At 16 weeks the bone in the cavities of both cements recovered a trabecular pattern, but only the bone trabeculae in the initial cavity of the cement with beta-TCP granules became thick and mature. However, the cavities of the empty control were still empty and large. These results show that the beta-TCP-MCPM-CSH cements stimulate bone formation and are rapidly replaced by bone tissue. When added with nonresorbable beta-TCP granules, this cement maintains bone formation for a longer time.