This study is focused on structural modifications of leptomeninges and cerebral matter in children deceased because of iatrogenic AIDS. Although we do not evidence the specific lesions of AIDS, we have noticed edema, hyperemia, hematic extravasation, microlesions of the small vessel walls, perivascular infiltrations with lymphocytes, macrophages and even plasmocytes, moderate tigrolysis, mild demyelination, gliosis and sidero-calcic deposits. We do not consider these lesions as specific to HIV-infected patients.