The inability of antibodies induced by experimental human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines to neutralize HIV-1 primary isolates may be due to a failure to elicit such antibodies, antigenic differences between the vaccine and the strains tested, insensitivity of the assays used, or to a combination of factors. New neutralization assays were used to determine the ability of candidate AIDS vaccines to generate neutralizing antibodies for clade B primary isolate BZ167, which is closely related in portions of its envelope to the immunizing strains. Sera from HIV-uninfected volunteers in vaccine trials were tested, and neutralizing activity was found in recipients of recombinant (r) gp120MN or of rgp160MN-containing canarypox boosted with rgp120SF-2. Detection of antibodies that neutralize primary isolate BZ167 correlated with neutralizing activity for homologous vaccine strains. These data demonstrate that certain candidate AIDS vaccines can elicit antibodies that neutralize a primary isolate of HIV-1.