This article summarizes the care of patients undergoing bilateral lung volume reduction surgery as a treatment for end-stage emphysema. Surgical removal of emphysematous tissue allows for a reconfiguration of the chest wall and diaphragm, improving pulmonary mechanics. This results in reduced air trapping and improved gas exchange. It is important for nurses caring for these patients to be knowledgeable in the postoperative care of thoracic surgical patients and to have an understanding of the pathophysiology of emphysema, the medical management, and, in particular, the relationship between dyspnea and anxiety. Strategies to assist with airway clearance, control pain, prevent and alleviate dyspnea, reduce and treat anxiety, and ensure nutrition need to be incorporated into the postoperative plan of nursing care.