Objective: To evaluate symptom patterns on a hand diagram as predictors of surgical outcome in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
Methods: 202 patients with CTS enrolled in a prospective, community based cohort study in Maine completed a hand symptom diagram before surgery and at 6 month followup. They were asked to mark on the hand diagram the location of 3 symptoms: pain, numbness/tingling (NT), and "other" symptoms. The diagram was first divided into 6 regions following a standardized procedure. For the 6 regions, symptom patterns were identified separately for each of the 3 symptoms. Outcomes 6 months after surgery were expressed as the percentage of change on the Symptom Severity Scale and Function Status Scale of the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Assessment Questionnaire, and the satisfaction with the results of the surgery.
Results: Several distinct symptom patterns were associated with the 3 principal outcomes in univariate and multivariate analysis. In linear regression models controlling for the baseline severity of symptoms and function, as well as other predictors, the hand symptom pattern variables accounted for 30, 14, and 24%, respectively, of the total explained variance in satisfaction, symptom severity, and functional status. Patients receiving Workers' Compensation (37% of the cohort) had more wrist pain and NT of the arm, and less pain involving the arm and upper palm. This group also had worse outcomes and were less satisfied with surgery. Drawing expansion was associated with a low score on the SF-36 mental health subscale. However, psychological impairment was not associated with a worse outcome.
Conclusion: Symptom patterns identified preoperatively with a hand symptom diagram help to predict the outcome of carpal tunnel release.