The history of the techniques used to assess body segment parameters for biomechanical analysis has been reviewed. Three time periods of research were defined, based on the predominant instrumentation used, leading up to the modern era of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imagery. Organised in this manner, the significant techniques and findings were discussed. Current databases are deficient in several aspects: the small number of study participants used for development of standards, the potential inaccuracy of cadaver data compared with that of living humans, and the relative lack of study of diverse populations. Future efforts should be directed towards addressing these weaknesses in body segment parameter information, in order to improve biomechanical investigation in the clinica, ergonomic and sport environments.