Pregnancy has been referred to as a time of well-being for patients with psychiatric disorder. However, this impression is derived primarily from anecdotal reports and retrospective studies, rather than systematic prospective evaluation. In this study, 10 pregnant women with previous histories of panic disorder were evaluated prospectively across pregnancy and the postpartum period using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Clinical Global Impression. Information regarding pharmacotherapy received was also recorded. Seven of 10 subjects continued to meet DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder at all trimester visits. Symptoms persisted for some patients even in the context of treatment with antipanic medications. Most subjects (n = 9) met DSM-III-R criteria at 1-3 months postpartum despite nearly uniform intensification of antipanic treatment. Although some women may experience diminished symptoms of panic during pregnancy, in this sample most continued to experience panic attacks and to require antipanic treatment to control symptoms.