New prophylactic or treatment options are available for a number of infectious diseases that may be transmitted in the health care setting. Infectious diseases that can now be prevented by vaccination of the employee include hepatitis A, pertussis, hepatitis B, and primary varicella. New prophylactic or treatment regimens are available for Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bordetella pertussis; treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is also discussed. Finally, management of the HIV-infected health care worker is reviewed.