A 46-year-old man had had an occasional dry cough in the early morning since about the age of 20, but had received no treatment. He had been taking an antirheumatic drug for 2 years for rheumatoid arthritis. The patient complained of fever and dry coughing that began in the middle of November 1995, and he was treated for acute bronchitis. His condition did not improve, and he was admitted to the hospital in early December. Wheezing and rhonchi were heard in both lung fields. His white blood cell count was 19,000/mm3, and the eosinophil percent age was 48%. A chest CT scan revealed macular lesions with an increased density in both lung fields, and markedly swollen mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Analysis of alveolar lavage fluid revealed an increased number of cells (total) and eosinophilia (37%), and examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen indicated infiltration with eosinophils and lymphocytes. Our diagnosis was eosinophilic pneumonia. The patient's condition improved soon after the start of pulse therapy with steroids. Bilateral swelling of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes is rare in patients who have pulmonary in filtration with eosinophilia (the PIE syndrome).