Acute respiratory failure in the HIV-seropositive patient

Crit Care Clin. 1997 Jul;13(3):523-52. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70327-4.

Abstract

Since approximately 40% to 65% of patients with AIDS will develop pulmonary disease, HIV-seropositive patients represent a large cohort of immunosuppressed individuals with the potential to progress to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit. This article reviews the cause, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management of acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in HIV-seropositive patients. Prognostic factors and survival rates for episodes of respiratory failure are also discussed. In addition, an overview of acute respiratory failure in pediatric AIDS patients is presented.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • HIV Infections / complications*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Patient Isolation
  • Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / complications
  • Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / physiopathology
  • Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / therapy
  • Pneumothorax / diagnosis
  • Pneumothorax / etiology
  • Pneumothorax / therapy
  • Prognosis
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / diagnosis
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / etiology*
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy
  • Survival Rate