A cross-sectional survey of dietitians using a structured postal questionnaire was sent to 148 dietitians who provided a service to children with diabetes. One hundred and twenty-two (82%) replied, of whom 50 were paediatric dietitians (4 paediatric diabetes dietitians) and 72 were other grades. One hundred and eighteen (97%) dietitians reviewed newly diagnosed children within 24-48 hours of diagnosis but only 81 (66%) used literature specifically designed for children. The majority 116 (95%) felt they worked within a multidisciplinary team. Only 15 (12%) dietitians used purely qualitative carbohydrate dietary education; the remainder used quantitative methods, e.g. 10 g exchange system. Ninety-one (75%) used carbohydrate exchange lists. High fibre foods were suggested but dietitians felt only a moderate intake was achievable. One hundred and twelve (92%) recommended a reduced fat intake but guidance was not as unanimous on reducing specific fatty acids. Objective assessment of dietary outcomes was limited. Paediatric dietitians compared with other grades were more likely to use innovative methods of education but no other differences in dietary practice existed. A minority of dietitians 17 (18%) felt families would find implementing the diet easy. The survey confirmed national inconsistencies in dietary messages and poor evaluation of patient compliance. Research is required into effective dietary counselling to support evidence-based practice.