A population of women with a history of recurrent miscarriage were screened for polycystic ovaries (PCO) by an ultrasound, LH, FSH, free testosterone in the follicular phase, then luteal phase progesterone and body mass index (BMI). Twenty six of the 73 women screened (36%) had an ultrasound demonstrating PCO; of these 21 (81%) became pregnant and 17 were given supportive and observational care only. The miscarriage rate was 18% with 14 (82%) having livebirths. Twenty seven of the 47 women with normal ovaries (74%) became pregnant; 31 had supportive care only and 6 (19%) miscarried with 25 (81%) having a livebirth. We conclude that the ultrasound diagnosis of PCO in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage does not necessarily predict a poor outcome in subsequent pregnancy.