We present evidence that the poly(A) sequence at the 3' end of ovalbumin mRNA has an effect on its translational efficiency in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. Polynucleotide phosphorylase has been used to remove selectively the poly(A) while leaving the rest of the molecule intact. It is shown that the stability of the mRNA in a cell free system is not appreciably affected by this procedure. Measurements of the size of ovalbumin-synthesizing polysomes, rate of peptide elongation, and number of rounds of translation per messenger show a generally reduced efficiency for deadenylated mRNA compared to native mRNA. No comparable difference was observed in experiments with a wheat germ cell-free system, which gives few rounds of translation per mRNA. This indicates that the effect results from a lowering of the efficiency of reinitiation on deadenylated mRNA.