Experimental transmission of Ehrlichia canis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) by Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Vet Parasitol. 1998 Jan 31;74(2-4):277-88. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00073-3.

Abstract

Four trials were conducted in which laboratory-reared Dermacentor variabilis nymphs were exposed to Ehrlichia canis by feeding on experimentally infected dogs as soon as classical morulae were detected in peripheral blood monocytes. After molting 25, 50 or 90 adult tick pairs were permitted to feed on 7 Ehrlichia-naive dogs. Transmission occurred in trials 1 (1/1 dog), 3 (1/1 dog) and 4 (2/2 dogs) but not in trial 2 (0/3 dogs), with 4 of 7 dogs becoming infected. Successful transstadial transmission was demonstrated by detection of morulae in peripheral blood lymphocytes and by seroconversion to Ehrlichia canis 30 d post-exposure. Incubation periods ranged between 17 and 22 days (mean = 19). Clinical signs, typical of ehrlichiosis, included mucopurulent ocular discharge, lymphadenopathy and malaise with accompanying pyrexia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Pyrexia, thrombocytopenia and erythrophagocytosis and vacuolization of the cytoplasm of monocytic cells were observed 1-4 d prior to detection of morulae. This is the first demonstration that a tick other than Rhipicephalus sanguineus is capable of transstadial transmission of this important pathogen of dogs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anesthetics, Dissociative / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Arachnid Vectors / microbiology*
  • Dermacentor / microbiology*
  • Dog Diseases / transmission*
  • Dogs
  • Ehrlichia / drug effects
  • Ehrlichia / physiology*
  • Ehrlichiosis / transmission
  • Ehrlichiosis / veterinary*
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / veterinary
  • Ketamine / pharmacology
  • Leukocyte Count / veterinary
  • Lung / microbiology
  • Nymph / microbiology
  • Platelet Count / veterinary
  • Xylazine / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Dissociative
  • Xylazine
  • Ketamine