Recent research of disorders of the neck has concentrated on the efficacy of manual and other conservative therapies for neck pain and whiplash. Systematic reviews paint a poor picture of the quality of literature upon which many conventional, conservative therapies are based. Conclusive scientific data are lacking. Despite its unsavory reputation, whiplash has attracted considerable scientific inquiry. Multiple studies have brought data to bear that indicate that chronic neck pain after whiplash is not psychogenic, and that psychologic distress is secondary to the pain. Strong studies have shown that cervical zygapophysial joint pain is the most common basis for chronic neck pain after whiplash but that this condition cannot be diagnosed other than by using controlled diagnostic blocks. Surgical treatment of cervical zygapophysial joint pain has been proven to be effective in a double-blind controlled trial.