Effect of pentachlorophenol on immune function

Abstract

The organochlorine compound, pentachlorophenol, was evaluated for effects on immune system function in male Fisher 344 rats. Pentachlorophenol was prepared in an olive oil vehicle and was administered by oral gavage twice weekly for 28 days at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg per treatment. Exposure to pentachlorophenol increased body weight gains (P=0.024) during the treatment period. Liver (P=0.034) and kidney (P=0.012) body weight ratios were also increased. Pentachlorophenol exposure enhanced T-lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by concanavalin A (Con A)(P=0.0001) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)(P=0.048) evaluated using stimulation indices. Corresponding B-lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide/dextran (LPS/dex)(P=0.0034) was also enhanced by pentachlorophenol exposure. Pentachlorophenol suppressed the antibody response against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) by 39% when the response was expressed per viable spleen cell (P=0.006). This suppression was not evident when the response was expressed per spleen (P=0.22), suggesting that a compensatory mechanism or extramedullary splenic hemopoiesis was occurring minimizing the overall impact on humoral immunity. The enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte blastogenesis may also reflect compensatory or hemopoietic activity. Pentachlorophenol exposure had no effect on peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis (P=0.31) or lymphocyte cell surface antigen expression. The observed alterations in lymphocyte blastogenesis and humoral immunity subsequent to pentachlorophenol exposure do not appear to be associated with phagocytosis or lymphocyte cell surface antigen expression.