Left-right development: mammalian phenotypes and conceptual models

Semin Cell Dev Biol. 1998 Feb;9(1):35-41. doi: 10.1006/scdb.1997.0185.

Abstract

Consistent left-right asymmetry in a population requires a special kind of developmental specification. Models of this process must account for the complex phenotypes seen when left-right is abnormal. In some human and mouse mutations, there appears to be a randomisation of global situs to either solitus or inversus, whereas in the inv/inv mouse essentially all are inversus. However, in these and all additional examples there are frequently other anomalies, including symmetry (isomerism) and discordance between organs (heterotaxia). Current models invoke a molecular chiral referent as the source of the primary handed information. We describe a new two-gradient model which accommodates all defects of situs whilst leaving the primary asymmetry unaltered.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Body Patterning*
  • Congenital Abnormalities / genetics
  • Gene Expression
  • Humans
  • Mammals
  • Mice
  • Models, Biological*
  • Phenotype
  • Twins, Conjoined