Several cardiovascular risk factors were identified (high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, homocystein, Lp(a), and many others). Hypercholesterolemia has been shown to be one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors in man. Interventional studies for primary and secondary prevention demonstrate a beneficial effect of cholesterol lowering therapy. However, numerous CAD-patients suffer a second coronary event despite the appropriate lipid-lowering treatment. Furthermore moderate hypercholesterolemia has only poor predictive power indicating an upcoming myocardial infarction. Therefore we need additional research in CAD prevention and in identifying so far unknown or unconsidered CAD risk factors.