Epidemiologic studies have revealed several associations between physical work load factors and some common upper limb disorders. In the treatment of a case of work related upper limb disorder, modifications of work that are feasible to be implemented in the field should be done as a first priority. Some case studies suggest notable effects of ergonomic measures on the occurrence of upper limb disorders. Economic analyses of individual workplace have indicated that the investments usually have a short payback period. In work related carpal tunnel syndrome, the physical demands of the job, especially the force demands of gripping, should be considered before deciding on surgery, because gripping force may return slowly after surgery, and may be compromised by the surgical procedure itself.