A multimodal analysis of personal negativity

J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Jun;74(6):1580-91. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1580.

Abstract

This study examined how unhappiness and self-dissatisfaction are related to behavior, self-perception, social reputation, and the way one is treated by others. Varying in personal negativity (PN)--a composite of unhappiness, dissatisfaction with life, low self-esteem, and nonclinical depression--146 undergraduates (82 women and 64 men) engaged in 3 interactions. Participants' behavior and the behavior of their interaction partners was coded from videotapes. Personality ratings were obtained from participants and from 2 close acquaintances. PN was closely associated with maladaptive social interactions, negative behavioral responses by others, and a negative social reputation and self-image. Although women more clearly expressed PN behaviorally, men and women showed generally similar patterns of correlates. These results suggest that even subclinical levels of unhappiness and self-dissatisfaction may have important consequences.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • California
  • Depression / psychology*
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Female
  • Happiness*
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations*
  • Male
  • Personal Satisfaction*
  • Self Concept*