Recovery of gaze and postural stability in human beings with vestibular deficits is well documented. The mechanisms that contribute to this recovery form the basis for the exercises used in the rehabilitation of these patients. These mechanisms include the central preprogramming of eye movements and of postural responses, the potentiation of the cervico-ocular reflex, modification of saccadic eye movements, and the substitution of visual and somatosensory cues for the lost vestibular cues. The mechanism most successful in contributing to recovery, however, is probably adaptation of the vestibular system itself. Understanding the various compensatory mechanisms and their limitations for improving gaze and postural stability should lead to more effective treatment of these patients.