Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit associated with schizophrenia, i.e., the failure to inhibit the auditory P50 response, was previously reported at chromosome 15q14. The marker with the highest pairwise lod score, D15S1360, was isolated from a yeast artificial chromosome containing a candidate gene, the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. In the present study, this linkage was further investigated in a subset of the NIMH Genetics Initiative schizophrenia families. These families have not been studied neurophysiologically, as were the families in the original report. Therefore, the DSMIII-R diagnosis of schizophrenia was used as the affected phenotype. Twenty families fulfilled the criteria of at least one sibpair concordant for schizophrenia, along with their two parents or another affected relative outside the nuclear family, available for genotyping. Sibpair analysis showed a significant proportion of D15S1360 alleles shared identical-by-descent (0.58; P < 0.0024). The results further support the involvement of this chromosomal locus in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia.