A rabies virus variant isolated from a vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and characterized by genome sequencing was used for the standardization of an experimental infection in this species. The parenteral administration of 10(6) MICLD50 of this variant was capable of inducing death from rabies in 89% of animals. The mean duration of post-challenge survival was 12 days. None of the experimental rabid vampire bats showed aggressive behaviour. A vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine was administered orally to vampire bats on days -120, -90, -30 or -18 pre-challenge, on the same day of challenge, or on day +5 post-challenge. A significant protection was noticed only in animals vaccinated on days -18 or -30 pre-challenge. A longer period of incubation was observed in animals vaccinated 5 days post-challenge.