Using data from a case-control study of family homelessness in Worcester, Massachusetts, this analysis compares the economic, psychosocial and health characteristics of 159 Puerto Rican and 170 Non-Hispanic White poor, single mothers. When compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, the Puerto Rican mothers had more children, less education, fewer work experiences, fewer social supports, and more English language problems. Although the absolute rates were high in both groups, Puerto Rican mothers had experienced less violence and suffered fewer mental health problems, with the exception of major depression, than Non-Hispanic Whites. In addition, Puerto Rican mothers were less likely to use traditional health services. These findings suggest that to escape poverty, Puerto Rican mothers need a unique combination of educational opportunities (including English as a Second Language), job training, and child care.