A 26-year-old female, who had been treated for cervical carcinoma, presented with high fever and right flank pain. A right renal abscess was initially suspected from the clinical symptoms and diagnostic imaging. However, pathologic findings for the right kidney revealed squamous cell carcinoma, which was consistent in type with the original cervical carcinoma. Demonstration of human papillomavirus 16 in tissues from both the renal tumor and the cervical carcinoma confirmed that the right kidney carcinoma was a metastasis from the cervical carcinoma. The role of interleukin-6 in occurrence of the unexplained fever is discussed.