The effects of high blood pressure on arterial vessels has become an important topic of research. These effects can be evaluated by analyzing three major components: systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance and wave reflection. The increase in systemic vascular resistance and arterial stiffness produces modifications of left ventricular afterload and morphologic changes of pressure and flow waves. These effects can eventually cause structural changes of the left ventricle, an increase in oxygen consumption and a decrease in coronary perfusion. Until recently, invasive methods were the only means to evaluate arterial function. The aim of this review is to assess the usefulness of non invasive methods to determine the components of arterial impedance in order to evaluate the hemodynamic changes due to high blood pressure.