Heart disease, breast cancer, and hormone therapy were top clinical concerns in women's health in 1997. One of the major reports on heart disease confirmed that women are no different from men in terms of early infarct-related artery patency rates, reocclusion after thrombolytic therapy, and ventricular functional response to injury/reperfusion; nevertheless, women have 3 times the mortality of men in the first 30 days after an acute myocardial infarction. Research brought only modest gains in the understanding of breast cancer etiology in 1997, but engendered major debate on whether women younger than 50 years should have mammograms every 1 to 2 years. A National Institutes of Health consensus conference said no, but the National Cancer Institute's National Cancer Advisory Board said yes. Evidence of estrogen benefits and risks mounted: One report added to the data suggesting that estrogen may retard age-related memory loss, while another study reported that the risk of breast cancer significantly increased with long-term use of estrogens. The interest in selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also called "designer estrogens," grew. Efforts to develop pharmacologic treatment for obesity suffered a setback in 1997 when a team reported that 1 in 3 patients who used d-fenfluramine developed abnormal valvular thickening, with the most severe cases needing valve replacement. One of the most promising events in colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer in women, was the set of screening guidelines issued by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The year ended with major ethical debates about multiple gestation and cloning.