The effect of spatial separation of signal and noise on masking in the free field as a function of signal frequency and age in the mouse

Abstract

Masking of low- (4 kHz) and high-frequency (25 kHz) signals by one-octave bandpass maskers either spatially coincident with the signal or contralateral to it was examined in mice, 4-6 and 20-22 months of age, in the free field. Signals were presented 120 ms prior to a startle stimulus and differences in their inhibition of the startle reflex, relative to startle stimulus alone trials, were used to measure the severity of masking. Inhibition was reduced or eliminated by spatially coincident noise for weak but not for relatively intense signals, providing the type of "loudness recruitment" effect characteristic of human listeners in similar stimulus conditions. The spatial separation of the signal and its masker relieved this maskinglike effect for the high-frequency pair in both young and old mice. In contrast there was no beneficial effect of the shift in spatial location for the low-frequency pair at either age. This finding of masking release for high- but not low-frequency stimuli supports the hypothesis that the sound shadow provided by the head and pinna would yield a favorable signal-to-noise level difference for a contralateral masker and an ipsilateral signal only at very high frequencies in the mouse. The presence of masking release in these old mice, a first generation hybrid strain with near-normal high-frequency hearing in ABR measures, agrees with reports that the masking release resulting from a similar manipulation in aged human listeners with minimal high-frequency hearing loss is the equal of that obtained in the young listener.